Postal ballot enables listed companies to pass specified resolutions remotely with prescribed notice, voting and penalty safeguards. A listed public company may obtain shareholder approval by postal ballot instead of a general meeting; the Central Government may require certain businesses to be conducted only by postal ballot. The company must send all shareholders a notice with a draft resolution, reasons, and request written assent or dissent within thirty days, using registered post or prescribed methods and a postage-prepaid envelope. A resolution assented to by the requisite majority by postal ballot is deemed to have been duly passed. Postal ballot includes electronic voting. Fraudulent defacement or destruction of a returned ballot or identity declaration attracts criminal penalty, and noncompliance with procedure exposes the company and defaulting officers to fines.