Statutory interest rate on pre-deposit cannot be raised on equity when the governing provision fixes the rate.

Sealed outlet de-sealing dispute under DGST search authorisation resolved by directions to produce books and decide in law.

Parity in bail for economic offences needs a real change in circumstances and independent assessment of the accused's role.

Retrospective Rule 89(5) amendment governs ITC refund claims and removes the refund-formula bar for input services.

GST recovery must follow pre-notice intimation procedure; clarificatory amendment to self-assessed tax creates no new liability.

IGST refund claim processing deferred until supporting documents are filed, with fresh merits consideration directed thereafter.

Reopening based on invalid valuation reference fails where unamended Section 55A conditions were not met.

Fair hearing in assessment: enhanced addition without fresh notice was quashed and remitted for reconsideration.

Section 179 recovery against directors needs fair notice and foundational facts before corporate veil can be pierced.

Time-barred reassessment notice under Section 148 quashed after Revenue concession for AY 2015-16.

Limitation for reassessment turns on the signing date of the order, not the earlier date shown on its face.

Reassessment based on change of opinion was invalid where the Section 10AA deduction had already been examined and allowed.

Benami transaction analysis rejects sham gold sale used to convert demonetised cash into banking credits

Benami share transfer found where nominal payment, deferred consideration, and continued transferor control showed effective ownership remained unchanged.

Prior PMLA attachment did not invalidate benami attachment where the statute allowed an alternate provisional attachment route.

Alternate remedy in benami proceedings: writ challenges to notices and provisional attachment were withdrawn with liberty to approach the adjudicating authority.

Review order under benami law not separately appealable; Tribunal's restoration of appeals upheld as barred by civil procedure rules.

Benami transaction proved by unexplained funds and admitted use of another's name; provisional attachment upheld.

Classification dispute proceedings stayed pending Supreme Court decision; coercive recovery restrained until and shortly after disposal.

Provisional release of imported second-hand machinery upheld subject to customs conditions and final adjudication.

Retracted customs confession and uncorroborated statements cannot alone sustain penalty without independent corroborative evidence.

Tariff classification under Heading 8512 turns on whether the component itself emits the warning or signal, not merely processes data.

Anti-dumping writ review is limited where statutory appeal exists and no exceptional ground for interference is shown.

Fraudulent DEPB scrips and transferee liability referred to Larger Bench to settle duty, penalty and limitation issues

Special Companies Act procedure excludes BNSS pre-cognizance hearing in SFIO prosecutions before the Special Court.

Section 452 offence remains criminal; complaint for wrongful withholding of company property lies before the Judicial Magistrate.

Company law remedies in oppression cases are not barred by lack of consent where transactions are pleaded fraudulent or void.

Fraudulent preference in company property transfer led to void mutation entries and restoration of land records.

Interrogatories in oppression and mismanagement petitions may be allowed when they seek material facts and narrow the controversy.

Locus standi and bona fide purchaser protection secured release of plots; review could not reopen final winding-up directions.

Depository liability for participant misconduct upheld where supervisory safeguards failed and arbitral award was not patently illegal.

Statutory appeal bars writ challenge to SEBI IPO approval; petitioner must use the appellate remedy instead.

Insider trading and delayed disclosure under the PIT Regulations: SAT relief on trading findings, with penalty sustained for late reporting.

PFUTP fraud and hedging principles: excess derivative positions were not manipulative, but disclosure breach remained

Negative futures settlement rates upheld where contract adopted external benchmark and writ relief could not rewrite final settlements.

Impleadment of minority shareholders upheld where the writ outcome directly affected their independent interest.

Continuing personal guarantee remains enforceable where no lawful revocation or novation is shown, despite resignation and facility renewal.

Advance-payment supply disputes do not defeat insolvency where debt, default, and valid statutory notice are established.

Liquidation under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code upheld when no resolution plan emerged and creditors approved liquidation.

Inherent powers allow expungement of adverse remarks where CIRP irregularities stem from a statutory misunderstanding, not mala fides.

Resolution Professional disclosure rights: records linked to the corporate debtor must be produced even while ownership disputes continue.

Finality and res judicata barred a belated challenge to liquidation after prolonged non-implementation of the resolution plan.

FEMA penalty limits and power of attorney liability clarified: statutory fit and duplicate penalties for same acts were rejected.

FEMA penalty set aside and remanded for fresh adjudication after unconsidered documents and bank communications were found relevant.

Vicarious liability under FEMA requires strict proof of control and involvement before fastening penalty for export proceeds default.

FEMA contravention does not automatically void a sale deed; civil court relief was barred on the same issue.

Jurisdiction under repealed foreign exchange law failed where specific empowerment was absent for issuing show cause notices.

Review jurisdiction cannot reopen FEMA merits when statutory remedies remain available and no apparent error is shown.

Natural justice in competition proceedings requires notice before departing from the investigation report's findings.

Merger control disclosure and finality: composite transactions need full notice, but approved combinations cannot be reopened without statutory power.

Prima facie antitrust screening requires concrete evidence; regulated pricing and disclosed tender preferences did not establish abuse of dominance.

Tacit cartel participation and partner liability upheld where repeated coordination emails, not dissociation, proved competition law breach.

Prima Facie Assessment: Regulatory and expert reports can inform but absence of AAEC bars a DG inquiry.

Coal handling charges at port found imposed through mandatory coordination fees; impugned order set aside and remitted.

Unlawful assault claims during PMLA examination failed for lack of contemporaneous evidence and immediate complaint.

Provisional attachment under PMLA: High Court follows earlier precedent and declines interference with tribunal relief

Right to travel abroad may be denied on bail when medical necessity is unproven and flight risk threatens the criminal process.

Special Court jurisdiction under PMLA extends to the scheduled offence after committal under Section 44(1)(c).

Value of proceeds of crime can extend to earlier-acquired property; section 50 statements remain usable despite retraction.

PMLA search and seizure upheld where lawful source of seized cash was not credibly proved and reasons were duly recorded.

Section 73(4B) adjudication timeline is directory where delay is explained by the noticee's conduct and proceeding circumstances.

Educational institution exemption and suppression of facts: service tax demand, interest, and penalties sustained on the documentary record.

Interest on refunded service tax granted for wrongful retention of assessee's money pending refund.

Real Estate Agent and works contract tax demands fail where no agency element exists and actual-deduction valuation is supportable.

Royalty for technical know-how and documentation was not taxable as intellectual property right service under Indian service tax law.

Imported aluminium panels cannot claim Cenvat credit as moulds when their classification depends on condition at import

Suo motu Cenvat re-credit upheld where rebate entitlement was undisputed and recovery notice was quashed.

Modvat credit on fuel inputs used for an exempt intermediate product need not be reversed when final products are dutiable.

Suppression-based ineligible CENVAT credit justifies extended limitation and penalty when material facts are withheld.

Retrospective liability under Section 11D rejected for pre-commencement excise collections, with liability confined to post-20-09-1991 amounts.

Water-handling pump classification supports exemption under Heading 8413 and defeats duty demand, interest and penalties.

Cenvat credit denial fails where shortages are explained by processing losses and diversion is not proved.

Proceedings against a non-existent amalgamated company are void ab initio; assessment and attachment notices were set aside.

Statutory first charge prevails over SARFAESI priority, preserving State tax recovery rights despite later CERSAI registration.

Strict construction of exemption notification leaves Soya Flour outside tax relief and sustains sales tax levy

Stock suppression findings and commodity-specific evidence justified different tax treatment, with revisional interference declined.

Bullion classification: embossed gold coins are manufactured gold articles, not unwrought bullion, for tax purposes.

Best judgment assessments set aside for doubtful notice service and remitted for fresh tax determination after hearing

Agricultural land under legal construction restrictions is not 'urban land' for wealth-tax purposes under Section 2(ea)(v).

Scheme of demerger asset vesting prevents attachment for demerged company's tax; attachment allowed only for resulting company's own liability

Appeals dismissed as not pressed; properties treated as commercial establishments excluded from "assets" under Section 2(ea) Wealth Tax Act

Land loses wealth tax exemption during construction period under Section 2(ea) - exemption only applies after completion

Rental income from land plots cannot be denied based on later verification findings from different assessment year

ITAT recalls ex parte wealth tax orders after representative's death created compelling circumstances under Rule 24

Rebuttable presumption in cheque dishonour cases defeated where debt is unproved and defence raises a probable explanation.

Presumption of consideration under negotiable instrument law upheld where signatures were admitted and loan transaction was proved.

Dishonoured cheque liability fails where the company was already dissolved and director responsibility was not specifically pleaded.

Right to travel abroad under Article 21 may yield to pending trial, speedy justice, and passport restrictions in criminal cases.

Foreign award enforcement turns on accrual of the right to apply, narrow public policy review, and surviving joint liability.

Pre-trial quashing of a cheque dishonour complaint requires unimpeachable material; disputed settlement terms did not end proceedings.