Interim stay of impugned order granted pending pleadings; respondents to file counter affidavit and petitioner may reply.

Advance receipt as supply: corpus contributions taxable on collection; monthly per-member exemption does not apply.

Input Tax Credit entitlement: prohibition in the used-vehicle notification is confined to the listed goods, ITC on other inputs allowed.

Exemption for pure municipal sanitation services: activity linked to Panchayat functions qualifies as GST-exempt under notification.

Corpus contributions as consideration: treated as advances for future services and GST arises on receipt.

Refund of accumulated input tax credit under inverted duty structure not admissible for advance ruling; application rejected.

Certificate under income-tax law applies for the assessment year and shields the deductor from default and interest on covered payments.

Validity of Section 148 notice fails where prior Section 151 approval and genuine application of mind were lacking, assessment quashed.

Revisional Jurisdiction cannot convert disallowance of bogus purchases into taxation as unexplained expenditure under special rate provisions.

Deduction under Section 80P(2)(d) for interest from deposits in another cooperative society confirmed; qualification upheld.

Set-aside assessment scope: seized third-party search material must be processed under search assessment procedure, else assessment invalid.

Jurisdictional validity of statutory notice: absence of a notice from a competent officer voids assessment and quashes order.

Benami transaction: proceeds and post-amendment holdings treated as benami; fiduciary defence denied where personal benefit and control exist.

Limited grounds for review under Prohibition of Benami Act; without mistake or new evidence, voiding of IDS certificates denied.

Benami Transactions confirmed; provisional attachment upheld while beneficial owner identity is referred for limited reinvestigation.

Benami transaction: proof of consideration and control by beneficial owner upholds provisional attachment and dismisses appeals.

Fiduciary exception rejected; provisional attachment under benami law affirmed where transfers were one way unaccounted accommodation entries.

Benami property jurisdiction: IBC tribunals lack power to challenge Benami Act attachment; such assets fall outside the liquidation estate.

Appellate review of revenue matters: no interference where tribunal's conclusions are supported by record and law.

Service of notices: returned postal articles defeat deemed service; alternative modes including email required before fresh hearing.

Mandatory Show Cause Notice required before confiscation; order quashed and matter remitted for fresh consideration.

Statutory appellate remedy: petitioner must prefer an appeal under the Customs Act; writ not used to bypass appeal.

Pre-execution judicial review of preventive detention refused where proposed detenue absconded; challenge allowed only after surrender and service.

Voluntary Payment and Estoppel bar refund claims where investigation closure followed payment and no proof of absence of unjust enrichment.

Shifting Registered Office permitted where approved resolution plan stands and no stay exists; conditional approval upheld.

Interference with criminal investigation denied as no exceptional circumstances; interim protection and recall of warrants refused.

Validation under Section 536(2): court may validate bona fide post-petition dispositions to enable completion and protect public interest.

Third-party guarantor liability: a voluntary security instrument can be enforced against the provider alongside the primary obligor.

Quashing of FIR where preliminary enquiry failed to establish fraudulent intent and the registration amounted to a roving inquiry.

Class Action Scope: past transactions can be remedied under shareholder class suits, and petition admission was upheld.

Stock exchange disciplinary action and withheld security: writ maintainable; investigation valid but final board decision set aside as unlawfully constituted

AIF trustee debarment for SEBI rule breaches-no investor loss and fund winding-up led to bar treated as expired.

Clients authorising third-party F&O trades despite missing pre/post confirmations; broker not liable for losses, award set aside.

Doctrine of merger and trustee-like powers in SEBI-appointed Special Committee; order treated as open-ended, appeals dismissed

Personal liability of directors in regulatory proceedings: attachment challenge refused; pursue statutory appeal under SEBI Act

Market regulator prosecution over access to investigation report and inquiry materials; petition allowed, disclosure ordered with limited redactions

Finality of claim verification prevents collateral challenge to Resolution Plan approval; plan upheld with priority for employee dues.

Financial debt: funds repayable with a profit share can constitute commercial borrowing, allowing insolvency admission despite arbitration.

Condonation of delay requires a reasonable, documented explanation; absent diligence, refiling applications were rejected and appeals dismissed.

Personal Insolvency Resolution Process extension permitted for procedural completion; moratorium outer limit remains fixed under the Code.

Claim updation under Regulation 12A permits withdrawal of satisfied claims but final withdrawal requires adjudicatory determination.

Service Validity through supplied contacts and substituted publication upheld, guarantee invocation evidenced by recovery certificate sustained.

Round-tripping: Offshore SPVs lacking bona fide activity used to raise funds and reinvest in India are treated as circumvention of FEMA norms.

Liability of struck-off companies persists; legal representatives face estate-limited FEMA penalties, with courts able to reduce penalties for proportionality.

Section 6(4) FEMA protects only legitimately substantiated foreign funds; breach of foreign exchange rules found, penalty reduced.

Contravention under FEMA sustained on documentary nexus, penalties reduced and confiscation of un-surrendered foreign currency upheld.

Abetment liability: corroborated retracted statements and statutory presumption can shift burden, leading to conviction and reduced penalty.

Continuing corporate liability remains enforceable after striking off; directors remain liable but penalties may be mitigated.

Prima Facie Assessment: Regulatory and expert reports can inform but absence of AAEC bars a DG inquiry.

Bid rigging in public tender bids-common IPs, call records and shared EMD led to s.3(3) breach upheld.

Coal handling charges at port found imposed through mandatory coordination fees; impugned order set aside and remitted.

Use of Crystalline Durability Admixture in heavy infrastructure projects: nationwide market accepted, no dominance or anti-competitive conduct found, appeal dismissed

Abuse of dominance investigation notice requirement clarified: no initial notice if no prima facie case; informant need not be heard.

WhatsApp user data sharing for advertising and other non-essential purposes-clarification allowed requiring express, revocable opt-in/opt-out consent

Provisional attachment under PMLA sustained where property derived from commissions in an illicit scheme; attachments confirmed.

Proceeds of crime limited to profit element; provisional attachment confirmed only to quantified illicit profit after assessment.

Right to Speedy Trial: bail granted where investigation complete, evidence documentary and trial unlikely to conclude soon.

Provisional attachment upheld where prima facie evidence links property to proceeds of crime via placement, layering and conversion into gold.

Provisional attachment under PMLA upheld where tracing of proceeds through corporates to recipients supports confirmation.

Provisional attachment of tainted property under PMLA upheld where investigative links justify treating deposits as proceeds.

Mutuality principle excludes service tax on genuine mutual premiums paid to an incorporated P&I club, defeating the tax demand.

Service tax demand based on income tax returns: set aside and remitted for fresh adjudication; attachments to be withdrawn.

Agricultural produce exemption where blending and packing do not alter essential character; processing treated as non-manufacture.

Specific service classification required: demands on broker commissions, mutual P&I contributions and valuation additions are set aside.

Accommodation exclusion in renting of immovable property: integral hotel facilities do not trigger the deeming rule, exclusion upheld.

Invoice disclosure of tax bars claiming gross receipts as inclusive; pre notice payment with interest can avert penalty relief.

Limitation Regime prevents condonation of delay in fiscal appeals; courts must enforce statutory time bars, denying merits review.

Extended limitation period requires proof of suppression; departmental knowledge of valuation negates suppression, so extension disallowed.

Customs Valuation rules govern EOU DTA clearances, excluding MIP absent evidence; concessional benefit denied for unmet advance-sale conditions.

Finality of adjudication prevents re litigation of identical valuation and exemption issues; extended limitation requires proper foundation.

Reversal of CENVAT credit satisfies neutralisation even if in excess, barring collection based recovery for inter unit transfers.

Conditional exemption breach: supply to DTA attracts duty and sustains penalty and extended limitation for duty-free inputs.

Transfer of Property in Goods: fabricated components that become a distinct commodity are taxable as unspecified goods; embedded costs included.

Limitation in Reassessment: reassessment after five years is barred and audit-only objections cannot sustain reassessment.

Condonation of Delay: unexplained inordinate delay barred review; no arguable error or miscarriage of justice found on merits.

Reference of question of law: court may decline to answer when the referring party and others show no interest.

Judicial intervention in pending disciplinary proceedings permitted where prima facie evidence shows non connection and irreparable prejudice; suspension revoked and inquiry expedited.

Surcharge on VAT applies in addition to concessional tax for declared goods; levy valid where measured by tax payable.

Scheme of demerger asset vesting prevents attachment for demerged company's tax; attachment allowed only for resulting company's own liability

Appeals dismissed as not pressed; properties treated as commercial establishments excluded from "assets" under Section 2(ea) Wealth Tax Act

Land loses wealth tax exemption during construction period under Section 2(ea) - exemption only applies after completion

Rental income from land plots cannot be denied based on later verification findings from different assessment year

ITAT recalls ex parte wealth tax orders after representative's death created compelling circumstances under Rule 24

Section 16(1) intimations under Wealth Tax Act constitute orders subject to revision under Section 25

Intra-class discrimination in subordinate legislation remedied: private limited companies given same 'change in management' exemption; amendment not retrospective.

Limitation and public servant complaints: cognizance valid when identity is established and investigative material supports prima facie case.

Mandatory auction payment rules void confirmations for non payment; sale set aside and fresh auction ordered with refund.

Final order protection preserves vested benefits against later conflicting directions; non-parties may pursue review or tribunal remedies.

Protection against self-incrimination bars compulsory custodial interrogation; anticipatory bail ordered where accused cooperates with investigation.

Registrar's power to cancel partnership registration is not implied; cancellation quashed and registration restored.