Judicial disqualification: judges and magistrates must not try or hear appeals in matters where they are parties or personally interested. A judge or magistrate is prohibited from trying or committing for trial any case in which they are a party or personally interested without permission of the appellate court, and may not hear an appeal from any judgment or order passed by themselves. The Explanation clarifies that acting in a public capacity, viewing places relevant to the offence or transaction, or making inquiries in connection with the case do not alone make the judicial officer a party or personally interested.