Administrative tribunals can adjudicate public service disputes and may exclude ordinary court jurisdiction while preserving appellate oversight. Parliament may, by law, create administrative tribunals to adjudicate disputes and complaints concerning recruitment and conditions of service for persons in public service; such law may define tribunal establishment, jurisdiction, powers (including contempt), procedure (including limitation and evidence), transfer of pending cases, exclusion of ordinary court jurisdiction for those disputes, and consequential provisions necessary for effective tribunal functioning and enforcement of orders.