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<h1>Civil Servants Protected: Fair Hearing Required Before Dismissal Under Constitutional Safeguards Ensuring Procedural Justice</h1> Article 311 of the Indian Constitution governs dismissal, removal, or rank reduction of civil service employees. It mandates that no civil servant can be dismissed by a subordinate authority to their appointing authority. The provision requires a fair inquiry where the employee is informed of charges and given an opportunity to be heard. Exceptions exist for criminal convictions, impracticable inquiries, or state security concerns. The article ensures procedural safeguards against arbitrary administrative actions against government employees.