Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution: amendments require prescribed parliamentary majorities and state ratification where specified. Parliament's constituent power permits amendment by addition, variation or repeal of any constitutional provision through a Bill passed in each House by a majority of total membership and by a supermajority of members present and voting; such amendments, once assented, amend the Constitution. Amendments affecting specified key provisions, listed schedules, State representation, or this article require ratification by not less than one-half of State Legislatures. Article 13 does not apply to these amendments, and no amendment made or purporting to be made under this article may be challenged in any court; there is declared to be no limitation on Parliament's constituent power under this article.