Originating criteria determine preferential tariff entitlement through substantial transformation, cumulation, and documentary proof requirements. Preferential treatment requires goods to be classified as originating either as wholly obtained or after substantial transformation, established by Change in Tariff Classification, Value Addition/Ad Valorem thresholds, or Process Rules. Agreements may provide general or product-specific rules. Ancillary provisions-cumulation, de-minimis tolerances, indirect materials treatment, direct consignment, minimal operations exclusions, and absorption/roll-up-modify application of origin criteria. Proof of origin is typically a Certificate of Origin with agreement-specific operational certification procedures, and verification procedures (including timelines) are prescribed for confirming origin claims.