Chance as legal concept denotes absence of explainable causation and risk, describing unforeseen accidental outcomes. Chance denotes an event arising from the absence of explainable or controllable causation, characterised as accidental, fortuitous, or hazardous; it covers results produced by uncertain or unknown conditions and forces and is associated with risk and unintended consequences, serving to classify events as fortuitous or accidental for purposes of risk allocation and assessment where causation cannot be established.