Conjunctive and disjunctive construction: 'and' and 'or' may be read alternatively to give effect to legislative intent. Interpretation of the words 'or', 'and' and 'may' depends on legislative intent and context: 'or' is normally disjunctive and 'and' normally conjunctive, but either may be read conversely where literal reading produces absurdity or conflicts with manifest purpose. With permissive powers expressed by 'may,' a final 'and' in a list can have a joint-and-several effect (allowing one or more items), whereas with mandatory language ('shall') a conjunctive 'and' typically requires all listed items to be satisfied.
Cases where this provision is explicitly mentioned in the judgment/order text; may not be exhaustive. To view the complete list of cases mentioning this section, Click here.
Provisions expressly mentioned in the judgment/order text.
Conjunctive and disjunctive construction: 'and' and 'or' may be read alternatively to give effect to legislative intent.
Interpretation of the words 'or', 'and' and 'may' depends on legislative intent and context: 'or' is normally disjunctive and 'and' normally conjunctive, but either may be read conversely where literal reading produces absurdity or conflicts with manifest purpose. With permissive powers expressed by "may," a final "and" in a list can have a joint-and-several effect (allowing one or more items), whereas with mandatory language ("shall") a conjunctive "and" typically requires all listed items to be satisfied.
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