Approval as confirmation or ratification may be given after the act, defining its legal effect under Indian law. Approval means confirming, ratifying, assenting to, sanctioning, or consenting to an act or decision of another, and may be given after the act to validate it. This definition, drawn from Black's Law Dictionary (Fifth Edition), underscores that subsequent confirmation can alter the legal status of a prior act, a principle noted in Indian authority including Ashok Kumar Das v. University of Burdwan.