Doctrine of 'Duty to Act fairly'

Administrative authorities must provide fair procedures and reasonable opportunity for affected parties to present their case when individual rights are impacted

The doctrine of 'duty to act fairly' extends beyond traditional judicial or quasi-judicial functions to administrative actions that affect individual rights. Administrative authorities must provide reasonable opportunity for affected parties to present their case and act fairly, impartially, and reasonably. This principle, established in English law and adopted in India, requires basic procedural protections even where natural justice principles may not strictly apply. The doctrine is flexible and pragmatic, focusing on fairness in each situation rather than rigid procedures. Courts use this as an additional tool to ensure proper administration, requiring authorities to avoid arbitrary decisions and provide adequate procedural safeguards when administrative actions impact individual rights or interests.