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<h1>Substantial compliance doctrine allows courts to excuse minor statutory violations when essential requirements are met and legislative intent fulfilled</h1> The doctrine of substantial compliance is a judicial invention designed to avoid hardship where a party fulfills reasonable expectations but fails in minor aspects not essential to statutory requirements. Courts determine whether statutes are followed sufficiently to carry out legislative intent rather than requiring strict mirror-image compliance. The doctrine applies when mandatory requirements are met despite non-compliance with directory provisions. It preserves strict compliance needs for important conditions while forgiving non-compliance with unimportant or confusingly written requirements. The test examines whether requirements relate to the statute's substance or essence, requiring strict adherence for essential elements while allowing substantial compliance for procedural or directory requirements aimed at orderly business conduct.