Affixation determines when an item becomes a fixture, converting movable things into components of the land. Affixation is the act of fixing or fastening an object to property so it becomes attached, including inscription or impression, and covers permanent additions to real estate that become fixtures. Affixation occurs by natural rooting, embedding, permanent resting, or mechanical attachment such as cement, plaster, nails, bolts, or screws; these modes determine whether an item is a fixture rather than a chattel.