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of <h1>Natural justice requires unbiased decision-making and fair hearings under principles of nemo judex and audi alteram partem</h1> Natural justice encompasses fundamental principles derived from ancient civilizations, historically interchangeable with natural law. The concept refers to rules from God, reason, or nature, distinct from man-made law. Two core principles govern natural justice: 'Nemo judex in causa sua' (no one should judge their own cause, preventing bias) and 'Audi alteram partem' (hear the other party, ensuring fair hearing). Courts examine external appearances rather than actual bias proof - if reasonable observers would suspect bias, decisions can be challenged. The duty to act fairly applies particularly to judicial and disciplinary functions, requiring procedural safeguards when affecting individual rights, livelihood, or legal status.
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