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of <h1>Industrial Disputes Act 1947 defines workman status by actual duties performed not job designation</h1> Under the Industrial Disputes Act 1947, a workman includes any person employed in industry for manual, skilled, technical, operational, clerical or supervisory work for hire or reward, including those dismissed or retrenched in connection with industrial disputes. The definition excludes armed forces personnel, police, prison employees, those in managerial/administrative roles, and supervisors earning over ten thousand rupees monthly or exercising managerial functions. Courts determine workman status based on actual duties performed rather than job designation, with the burden of proof on the person claiming workman status.
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