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<h1>Retrospective laws affect existing contracts and vested rights but distinguish between completed and pending transactions</h1> Legal manuals define 'retrospective' or 'retroactive' laws as those affecting existing contracts, reopening completed transactions, or impairing vested rights acquired under existing laws. The term encompasses 'true retroactivity' (applying new rules to completed acts) and 'quasi-retroactivity' (applying new rules to pending transactions). Courts distinguish between completed and pending transactions when determining retrospective application. A statute is not retrospective merely because it affects existing rights or draws from past antecedents. Legislatures may cure inadvertent statutory defects through retrospective amendments when public interest outweighs individual claims to windfall benefits from such defects.