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<h1>Articles 246 and 254 doctrine of occupied field requires actual conflict between central and state laws for operation</h1> Articles 246 and 254 of the Constitution establish the doctrine of occupied field, requiring state legislation to yield to central/parliamentary legislation when both cannot coexist. The Supreme Court clarified that this doctrine applies only when there is actual conflict between central and state laws in overlapping areas, not merely because both legislate on the same subject matter. Real collision between enactments must exist for the doctrine to operate. Where laws can coexist peacefully without irreconcilable conflict, both remain valid. However, Article 254(2) may allow state law to prevail if presidential assent is obtained, and the doctrine doesn't completely bar states from making incidental laws on subjects within central domain.