Import and export controls under foreign trade policy are governed by free trade, licensing, compliance, and targeted prohibitions. General provisions governing imports and exports under the Foreign Trade Policy provide that trade is normally free unless prohibited, restricted, or channelled through State Trading Enterprises under ITC(HS), with domestic laws, standards, and quality controls applying to imports unless exempted. The chapter requires an Importer-Exporter Code, prescribes mandatory documents, sets out the grounds for restriction or prohibition, and explains authorisation conditions, customs clearance, penalties, Denied Entity List action, and treatment of default. It also covers special import/export categories, bonded warehousing, payments and export realisation, export promotion institutions, policy interpretation and relaxation, certificates of origin, and country-specific prohibitions.