Endangering sovereignty criminalizes speech or conduct that incites secession or subversion, attracting severe criminal penalties. The provision criminalizes deliberately or knowingly using words, signs, visible representation, electronic communication, financial means, or other methods to excite or attempt to excite secession, armed rebellion, or subversive activities, or to encourage separatist sentiments or otherwise endanger the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India, covering attempts and completed acts; penalties include life imprisonment or imprisonment up to seven years and fine, while lawful expressions seeking change without exciting those activities are excluded.