Voluntarily causing grievous hurt entails imprisonment and fine; stiffer terms apply for permanent disability or concerted hate-based assaults. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt requires both that the hurt caused is grievous and that the actor intends or knows himself to be likely to cause grievous hurt; intent or knowledge as to one kind of grievous hurt suffices if another kind is actually caused. The statute prescribes imprisonment and fine for ordinary offences, increased mandatory rigorous imprisonment (with a high minimum) where the act causes permanent disability or a persistent vegetative state, and liability for each member where five or more persons acting in concert cause grievous hurt on specified protected grounds.