Cumulative liability arises where an abettor's instigation leads to a distinct offence, making them punishable for each offence. An abettor is liable to cumulative punishment when the act committed in addition to the act abetted constitutes a distinct offence, making the abettor punishable for each offence; if the abettor knew the principal was likely to commit the additional offence while carrying out the abetted act, the abettor will be liable for each offence arising from that conduct.