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<h1>Section 32: Actions Under Threat Not Offenses, Except Murder and State Crimes, Unless Voluntarily Endangered</h1> Section 32 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, outlines a general exception where actions compelled by threats are not considered offenses, except for murder and state offenses punishable by death. This exception applies if the threat reasonably causes fear of instant death. However, it does not apply if the individual voluntarily placed themselves in the situation or feared harm less severe than instant death. For example, joining a gang voluntarily does not qualify for this exception, whereas being forcibly compelled by threats of instant death does.