Section 3 - General explanations

Common intention and joint liability: each participant is criminally liable for acts done in furtherance of the shared plan.

Definitions and penal provisions operate subject to the Chapter on General Exceptions; explained expressions apply throughout unless contrary intent appears. Possession includes property held by a spouse, clerk or servant on another's behalf; words referring to acts extend to illegal omissions. Where several persons act in furtherance of a common intention, each is liable as if the act were done by him alone; those who join an act with criminal knowledge or intention are liable accordingly. Causation partly by act and partly by omission is the same offence, and participants may incur different offences depending on individual mental states and circumstances.