Definitions of offence and document determine the Sanhita's reach, evidentiary scope and categories of culpable persons. The Sanhita sets out functional definitions that determine criminal scope: offence is generally a thing punishable under the Sanhita (with specified cross references to special or local laws); document includes electronic and digital records with illustrations and presumptions; public servant is exhaustively described by duties and includes persons remunerated for public functions; and key modes and intents-counterfeit, dishonestly, fraudulently, 'act', 'omission', 'voluntarily', 'wrongful gain' and 'wrongful loss'-are defined to guide liability and evidential treatment.