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of <h1>Advocates Must Keep Client Communications Confidential Under Section 132, Except for Crime or Fraud Indications</h1> Section 132 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, stipulates that advocates cannot disclose communications made by clients in the course of professional service without express consent. Exceptions include communications made for illegal purposes or observations indicating crime or fraud post-service commencement. This obligation persists even after the professional relationship ends. Illustrations clarify that communications for legal defense are protected, while those furthering criminal acts are not. The section also applies to interpreters, clerks, and employees of advocates.
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