Parol evidence rule: non-parties may prove contemporaneous oral agreements that vary written documents when it affects their interests. Section 102 permits non-parties to a written document, or their representatives in interest, to give evidence of facts showing a contemporaneous oral agreement varying the document's terms; such variation cannot be shown between the contracting parties themselves but may be shown by a third party if it affects that third party's interests.
Cases where this provision is explicitly mentioned in the judgment/order text; may not be exhaustive. To view the complete list of cases mentioning this section, Click here.
Provisions expressly mentioned in the judgment/order text.
Parol evidence rule: non-parties may prove contemporaneous oral agreements that vary written documents when it affects their interests.
Section 102 permits non-parties to a written document, or their representatives in interest, to give evidence of facts showing a contemporaneous oral agreement varying the document's terms; such variation cannot be shown between the contracting parties themselves but may be shown by a third party if it affects that third party's interests.
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