Parol evidence rule limits oral proof of contract terms where terms are in writing, subject to narrow exceptions. When terms of a contract, grant or other disposition of property are reduced to a document, proof of those terms is limited to the document itself or admissible secondary evidence; this applies whether in one or more documents and where multiple originals exist only one need be proved. Exceptions allow proof without the writing in specified situations, including appointment of a public officer who has acted, wills proved by probate, and admission of oral evidence for facts collateral to those embodied in the document.