TDS rates and threshold limits for 2019 20 define varied withholding rates, exemptions, surcharge and cess treatment. The 2019-20 TDS schedule prescribes specific withholding rates and monetary threshold limits for categories of payments, distinguishes resident and non-resident treatment with surcharge and 4% health and education cess rules, permits self-declarations (Form 15G/15H) and assessing officer certificates for no or lower deduction, and applies a higher default rate where PAN is not provided.