Employer contribution deductions for provident fund and superannuation are allowed only within prescribed limits and compliance conditions. Employer contributions to a recognised provident fund or an approved superannuation fund are deductible subject to prescribed limits and conditions. The newer provision also bars deductions for payments made to set up or contribute to funds, trusts, companies, associations, societies, or other institutions, except where specifically permitted or required by law. The earlier provision allowed deduction subject to section 43B payment timing, with additional limits for recognised provident fund contributions in cases of substantial employee voting power, low salary, and bonus-type or irregular contributions.