Penalty quantum under MGL: sanction is the higher of actual tax loss or a statutory fixed sum. Section 66(1) imposes a penalty equal to the higher of the tax involved (tax evaded, fraudulently obtained refund, improperly availed credit, or tax not/short deducted or collected) or a specified statutory fixed sum. Section 66(2) penalises registered persons who repeatedly make short payments by imposing the higher of a proportionate percentage of the tax short paid or the same statutory fixed sum.