Anti-dumping duty commencement generally follows Gazette publication, with limited retrospective application for provisional duty, injury findings and undertaking violations.

Anti-dumping duty generally takes effect upon publication in the Official Gazette. It may operate from the date provisional duty was imposed where final findings establish injury, or threat of injury that would have materialised without provisional duty. In specified circumstances, duty may be imposed retrospectively, subject to exclusions for imports entered for home consumption before investigation initiation. For violation of a price undertaking, provisional duty is deemed levied from the date of violation or a date specified by the Central Government.

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