Circumvention of anti-dumping duty: assembly, alteration or rerouting practices that evade duties and undermine remedial effects. Circumvention of anti-dumping duty occurs when trade practices lacking economic justification other than the duty cause a change in trade patterns and there is evidence of injury or undermining of the duty's remedial effect or continued dumping. Identified modes include assembly or completion of imported unfinished articles where imported parts originate from the subject country and value added is below the threshold; alteration of description, name or composition that changes form or appearance; rerouting exports through non-subject exporters, producers or countries to evade duties; and any other manner rendering the duty ineffective. Value excludes payments for intellectual property and related fees.