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of <h1>Constitution (74th Amendment) Act Creates Three-Tier Municipal Structure with Reserved Seats and Self-Governance Powers</h1> The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1992 inserted Part IX-A establishing a three-tier municipal structure in India: Nagar Panchayats for transitional areas, Municipal Councils for smaller urban areas, and Municipal Corporations for larger urban areas. The amendment defines municipalities as institutions of self-government with five-year terms, establishes seat reservation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women (at least one-third), and outlines powers regarding taxation, planning, and service delivery. It mandates District Planning Committees and Metropolitan Planning Committees for coordinated development, establishes State Election Commissions to oversee municipal elections, and provides for financial oversight through State Finance Commissions. The amendment bars judicial interference in electoral matters except through designated election petitions.
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