Decentralisation of urban governance: Twelfth Schedule lists municipal functions assigned to urban local bodies.

The Constitution (Seventy fourth Amendment) Act, 1992 added a Twelfth Schedule enumerating municipal functions to be assigned to urban local bodies, covering urban planning, land use regulation, economic and social development planning, roads and bridges, water supply, public health and sanitation, solid waste management, fire services, urban forestry and environmental protection, vital statistics, amenities such as parks and street lighting, social welfare for weaker sections, slum improvement, burial and cremation services, animal welfare and regulation of slaughterhouses and tanneries; the Schedule became effective on 1 June 1993.

---

---

---