Service of notice: prescribed modes determine when communications under the Act are deemed served and received. Section 169 sets out permissible methods for serving decisions, orders, summonses, notices or communications under the Act - direct tendering (including messenger or courier) to the addressee or authorised representatives or adult family members; registered post, speed post or courier with acknowledgement to the last known business or residence; email to the registered address; availability on the common portal; publication in a local newspaper; or affixation at the last known business/residence or on the issuing officer's notice board if other modes are impracticable. Service is deemed effected when tendered, published or affixed; registered post is deemed received after normal transit time unless disproved.