Certificate of Origin: tightened issuance and verification rules govern origin documentation and preferential tariff entitlement. The amendments establish that products meeting the Annex criteria and whose final manufacturing occurs in the exporting Party are originating. Certificates of origin must be original, in English, follow the prescribed format, cite the commercial invoice, and be supported by a sworn declaration from the final producer detailing identity, tariff classification, value and inputs and the manufacturing process; declarations may cover repeated shipments for up to one year. Issuing authorities are designated government offices responsible for issuance, delegation, recordkeeping and exchange of authorised signatory specimens. Detailed verification procedures, confidentiality protections, timelines, grounds for denial, consequences and recourse mechanisms are prescribed. The Annex sets product specific rules using change in classification tests and value content tests for specified HS items.