Place of effective management depends on where board or executive decisions are made for the company's business.

Place of effective management under the Income Tax Act, 2025 is the place where the board of directors or executive directors make decisions. Where the board routinely approves commercial and strategic decisions made by executive directors or officers, it is the place where those persons perform their functions. Under the Income Tax Act, 1961, it is the place where key management and commercial decisions for the entity's business as a whole are made in substance.

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