Foreign direct investment rules: consolidated instruments, pricing, payment routes and mandatory reporting obligations for non-resident investors. Consolidated RBI regulatory framework under FEMA prescribes scope, entry routes (Automatic/Government), eligible non-resident investors, permissible instruments for FDI, pricing and valuation norms (SEBI or DCF), payment modes (inward remittance, NRE/FCNR debit, conversions, escrow), timelines (shares to be issued within 180 days or refund), sectoral caps and prohibited sectors, modes of investment (fresh issue, transfers, ESOPs, ADR/GDR, ECB conversion), and detailed reporting and compliance obligations via prescribed forms and AD bank certifications.