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Reasonable belief for the seizure of gold under Section 110 requires tangible material and objective circumstances existing at the time of seizure; suspicion alone is insufficient. Without that belief, Section 123 does not shift the burden to the possessor, and the Department must establish the gold's foreign origin and smuggled character. Unmarked gold and purity comparable to domestically available gold do not establish foreign origin; procurement records can support a domestic source. Retracted customs statements require independent corroboration, and reliance on statements recorded under Section 108 is subject to Section 138B. Where confiscation liability is not established and evidence of smuggling or abetment is absent, penalties on an owner or carrier lack a basis.
Reasonable belief for the seizure of gold under Section 110 requires tangible material and objective circumstances existing at the time of seizure; suspicion alone is insufficient. Without that belief, Section 123 does not shift the burden to the possessor, and the Department must establish the gold's foreign origin and smuggled character. Unmarked gold and purity comparable to domestically available gold do not establish foreign origin; procurement records can support a domestic source. Retracted customs statements require independent corroboration, and reliance on statements recorded under Section 108 is subject to Section 138B. Where confiscation liability is not established and evidence of smuggling or abetment is absent, penalties on an owner or carrier lack a basis.
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