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of <h1>81st Amendment Act, 2000: Exempts Backlog Vacancies for SC/ST from 50% Reservation Ceiling to Support Affirmative Action.</h1> The Constitution (81st Amendment) Act, 2000 addresses the issue of 'Backlog Vacancies' reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, which were previously excluded from the fifty percent reservation ceiling. Following a Supreme Court ruling, an Official Memorandum in 1997 mandated that this ceiling apply to both current and backlog vacancies, hindering special recruitment efforts. In response to concerns, the government proposed a constitutional amendment allowing unfilled reserved vacancies to be treated as a separate class, exempt from the fifty percent limit, thereby restoring the pre-1997 status and supporting affirmative action for these communities.
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