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Faceless jurisdiction transforms tax administration by institutionalizing remote assessment and team-based dynamic jurisdiction.
Clause 245 creates a statutory Scheme for faceless jurisdiction, authorising the Central Government to operate specified income-tax powers and functions remotely, including vesting jurisdiction in assessing officers, transferring cases, and ensuring continuity on change of incumbency; it permits notifications to modify Act provisions to implement the Scheme and requires such notifications to be laid before Parliament, balancing administrative flexibility with concerns about the scope of delegated legislation and safeguards for procedural fairness.
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Change of incumbent of an office: successor may continue proceedings but assessee can demand reopening or rehearing.
Clause 244 provides that when an income-tax authority ceases to exercise jurisdiction and is succeeded by another, the successor may continue the proceeding from the stage left by the predecessor, and before such continuation the assessee may demand that the previous proceeding or any part thereof be reopened or that the assessee be reheard before any assessment order is passed.
Act Rules Bills
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Power to transfer cases: modernised transfer framework preserves opportunity to be heard while enabling cross jurisdictional transfers.
Clause 243 empowers designated senior income tax authorities to transfer any "case"-defined to include pending, completed and future proceedings-among Assessing Officers within or across jurisdictions; transfers between different authorities require agreement or, failing that, Board intervention. The clause mandates, where practicable, a reasonable opportunity of being heard and recording of reasons, exempts intra city/locality transfers from prior hearing, permits transfers at any stage without re issuing notices, and consolidates authority designations under the term "specified income tax authority."
Act Rules Bills
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Assessing Officer jurisdiction clarified: territorial nexus, strict time bars and internal administrative resolution govern assessment authority.
The clause anchors AO jurisdiction to the taxpayer's principal place of business, profession, or residence and empowers a specified income-tax authority to determine jurisdictional questions, with escalation to the Board where multiple authorities are involved. It mandates strict time limits for raising jurisdictional objections linked to notice service or assessment stages, requires AO referral of unresolved objections before completing assessment, and preserves AO powers over income arising within their area despite jurisdictional disputes.
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Centralized jurisdiction and delegation: Board directions reallocate tax authorities' powers, shaping jurisdictional clarity and administrative flexibility.
Clause 241 vests income-tax authorities with powers exercisable in accordance with directions issued by the Board, permits higher authorities to exercise functions of lower authorities, authorizes delegated written orders for subordinates, and sets jurisdictional criteria including territorial area, persons, classes of income and cases. It enables the Board to issue general or special orders empowering specified senior officers to perform others' functions, contains deeming provisions treating references to the Assessing Officer as references to substituted officers and removes certain approval requirements, and expands notification powers to prescribe the manner of returns and designate responsible authorities.
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Taxpayer's Charter mandated: statutory duty to adopt a charter, but enforceability and remedies remain undefined.
Clause 240 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 and Section 119A of the Income-tax Act require the Central Board of Direct Taxes to adopt and declare a Taxpayer's Charter and empower the Board to issue orders, instructions, directions or guidelines for its administration. Both provisions mandate adoption while leaving substantive content, enforceability, remedies, review, and stakeholder consultation to the Board's discretion, creating interpretive issues concerning legal status, variability of protections, and mechanisms for accountability.
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Administrative instruction power guides tax authorities, subject to non interference in individual cases and parliamentary oversight.
Clause 239 grants the Board a broad administrative instruction power to issue binding orders and directions to income tax authorities for uniform administration, subject to safeguards: it cannot direct outcomes in individual cases or interfere with appellate discretion. The clause permits targeted interventions-general or special orders for assessment and collection, condonation of belated claims by non appellate authorities, and relaxation of deduction requirements where default is beyond the assessee's control and compliance occurs before completion of assessment-and requires reasons and parliamentary laying of certain relaxation orders.
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Control of tax authorities: Board may notify subordination of income-tax authorities, affecting jurisdiction and publication standards.
Clause 238 and Section 118 empower the Board to issue notifications directing that specified income-tax authorities be subordinate to other specified authorities; this confers broad administrative control over hierarchies and supervision while remaining subject to administrative-law limits. A key textual difference is Clause 238's omission of an explicit requirement for publication in the Official Gazette, raising questions about the formal mode of notification, transparency, and enforceability that subordinate rules or judicial interpretation should address.
Act Rules Bills
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Appointment of income-tax authorities: Central Government retains primary power with controlled delegation and service-rule safeguards.
Clause 237 vests primary appointment authority for income-tax authorities in the Central Government while authorising delegation to the Board and specified senior officers for appointments below Deputy/Assistant Commissioner, and permits authorised income-tax authorities to appoint executive or ministerial staff, all subject to rules and orders regulating conditions of service and Board authorisation.
Act Rules Bills
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Hierarchy of tax authorities clarified: consolidation and streamlined nomenclature aim to centralise appellate functions and improve clarity.
Clause 236 consolidates the hierarchy of income-tax authorities-from the Central Board of Direct Taxes to Inspectors and Tax Recovery Officers-streamlining nomenclature and grouping alternative designations. It notably omits Deputy Commissioners (Appeals), signalling possible consolidation of first-level appellate functions at higher levels, and leaves allocation of specific powers and appellate responsibilities to subordinate rules and notifications.
Act Rules Bills
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Tonnage tax exclusion: anti abuse power to remove companies from the regime where transactions lack bona fide commercial purpose.
Clause 234(4)-(7) empowers the Assessing Officer to exclude a tonnage tax company by written order where transactions amount to an abuse of the tonnage tax scheme, operating retrospectively from the first day of the tax year in which the transaction was entered into; exclusion requires prior show cause notice and higher-level approval, and does not apply where the company satisfies the Assessing Officer that the transaction was a bona fide commercial arrangement not entered into for tax advantage.
Act Rules Bills
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Anti-abuse safeguards in tonnage tax: exclusion applies where arrangements produce tax advantages for non-eligible activities.
Clause 234(1)-(3) excludes the tonnage tax scheme where a tonnage tax company is party to any transaction or arrangement that constitutes an abuse by resulting, or that would but for the clause have resulted, in a tax advantage for persons other than the tonnage tax company or for the company in respect of its non-tonnage activities. "Tax advantage" includes manipulation of expense or interest allowances or cost allocation affecting non-tonnage income or loss, and transactions producing more than ordinary profits from tonnage tax activities.
Act Rules Bills
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Temporary cessation of operations preserves tonnage tax continuity, but temporary loss of qualifying status suspends benefits for that period.
A company is deemed to be operating a qualifying ship for tonnage tax purposes during periods of temporary cessation of operations, so long as the cessation is not permanent; however, a ship that temporarily ceases to meet the statutory criteria of a qualifying ship is excluded from qualifying status for the period of non-qualification and cannot attract tonnage tax benefits during that time.
Act Rules Bills
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Continuity of tonnage tax benefits preserves scheme application for qualifying companies after demerger, subject to statutory conditions.
Where a demerged company transfers its business to a resulting company before expiry of its tonnage tax option, the tonnage tax scheme shall, subject to other provisions, apply to the resulting company for the unexpired period if it is a qualifying company; similarly, the demerged company retains its option for the unexpired period if it continues to be a qualifying company, with both continuities conditional on statutory eligibility, procedural compliance, and anti-avoidance requirements.
Act Rules Bills
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Continuity of tonnage tax: amalgamated qualifying shipping companies retain the scheme subject to qualifying status and option deadlines.
Clause 233(1)-(4) secures continuity of the tonnage tax regime on amalgamation by applying the scheme to the amalgamated company if it remains a qualifying company, requiring non-tonnage amalgamated companies to elect the scheme within a prescribed short period, granting the amalgamated entity the longest unexpired option period when multiple merging companies are under the scheme, and excluding entities that failed to elect during the original implementation window from accessing the regime post-amalgamation.
Act Rules Bills
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Tonnage determination by statutory certificates ensures objective tonnage income computation and limits administrative discretion, aligning with international practice.
The net tonnage for tonnage income must be determined from prescribed certificates: Indian ships by Merchant Shipping Rules or the 1969 Convention certificate as applicable; foreign ships by a DG Shipping licence reflecting Flag State tonnage certificates or other evidence acceptable to the DG; inland vessels by Inland Vessels Act, 2021 certificates. Reliance on statutory certificates is central, reducing subjective measurement and constraining administrative assessment to verification of certificate authenticity.
Act Rules Bills
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Tonnage tax compliance: separate books and certified accountant's report required or tonnage tax option lapses for the year.
Clause 232(21) makes the tonnage tax option contingent, each year, on maintaining separate books of account for qualifying ship operations and on furnishing a prescribed, duly signed and verified accountant's report before the specified filing date; failure of either requirement renders the tonnage tax option ineffective for that tax year.
Act Rules Bills
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Charter in cap limits chartered tonnage; breach triggers loss of tonnage tax benefit and possible scheme disqualification.
Clause 232(15)-(20) limits chartered in net tonnage for tonnage tax electors, requires assessment on average net tonnage with the averaging method prescribed in consultation with the Director General of Shipping, excludes bareboat charter cum demise vessels from charter in calculations, and prescribes loss of tonnage tax benefit for a year of breach and permanent cessation of the option after two consecutive years of breach.
Act Rules Bills
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Minimum training requirement - automatic loss of tonnage tax eligibility after consecutive noncompliance; annual certification required with tax return.
Companies opting for the tonnage tax regime must train trainee officers as per guidelines of the Director-General of Shipping and furnish an annually issued compliance certificate in the prescribed form with their tax return; sustained non-compliance over consecutive years results in automatic cessation of the company's option for the tonnage tax scheme from the year following the concluding year of default. Delegation to the Director-General allows technical adaptability but leaves open statutory ambiguities on thresholds, partial compliance and transitional treatment.
Act Rules Bills
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Tonnage Tax Reserve requirement ties tonnage tax access to reinvestment in qualifying shipping assets under the Bill.
Clause 232 conditions tonnage tax access on crediting a specified portion of book profit from qualifying shipping activities to a Tonnage Tax Reserve Account, usable within eight years for acquisition of a new ship or inland vessel; interim restrictions prevent distribution or foreign remittance, and proportional re taxation, carryforward rules, and cessation of the option after sustained default enforce compliance.

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Filing of statement of donation by donee to cross-check claim of donation by donor

1 February, 2020

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Budget 2020-21 + FINANCE BILL, 2020

Filing of statement of donation by donee to cross-check claim of donation by donor

It may further be mentioned that certain provisions of the Act provide that an exempt entity may accept donations or certain sum for utilisation towards their objects or activities in respect of which the payer, being the donor, gets deduction in computation of his income. At present, there is no reporting obligation by the exempt entity receiving donation/ any sum in respect of such donation/ sum. With the advancement in technology, it is now feasible to standardise the process through which one-to-one matching between what is received by the exempt entity and what is claimed as deduction by the assessee.

This standardisation may be similar to the provisions relating to the tax collection/ deduction at source, which already exist in the Act. Therefore, the entities receiving donation/ sum may be made to furnish a statement in respect thereof, and to issue a certificate to the donor/ payer and the claim for deduction to the donor/ payer may be allowed on that basis only. In order to ensure proper filing of the statement, levy of a fee and penalty may also be provided in cases where there is failure to furnish the statement.

Hence, it is proposed to amend relevant provisions of the Act to provide that,-

(i) similar to exemptions under clauses (1) and (23C), exemption under clause (46) of section 10 shall be allowed to an entity even if it is registered under section 12AA subject to the condition that the registration shall become inoperative. If the entity wishes to make it operative in the future, it will have to file an application and then it would not be entitled for deduction under clause (46) from the date on which the registration becomes operative.

(ii) the registration under section 12AA would also become inoperative in case of an entity exempt under clause (23C) of section 10 as well, to have uniformity. The condition about making it operative again would also be similar to what is proposed for clause (46) of section 10.

(iii) an entity approved, registered or notified under clause (23C) of section 10, section 12AA or section 35 of the Act, as the case may be, shall be required to apply for approval or registration or intimate regarding it being approved, as the case may be, and on doing so, the approval, registration or notification in respect of the entity shall be valid for a period not exceeding five previous years at one time calculated from 1st April, 2020.

(iv) an entity already approved under section 80G shall also be required to apply for approval and on doing so, the approval, registration or notification in respect of the entity shall be valid for a period not exceeding five years at one time.

(v) application for approval under section 80G shall be made to Principal Commissioner or Commissioner.

(vi) an entity making fresh application for approval under clause (23C) of section 10, for registration under section 12AA, for approval under section 80G shall be provisionally approved or registered for three years on the basis of application without detailed enquiry even in the cases where activities of the entity are yet to begin and then it has to apply again for approval or registration which, if granted, shall be valid from the date of such provisional registration. The application of registration subsequent to provisional registration should be at least six months prior to expiry of provisional registration or within six months of start of activities, whichever is earlier.

(vii) the application pending for approval, registration, as the case may be, shall be treated as application in accordance with the new provisions, wherever they are being provided for.

(viii) deduction under section 80G/ 80GGA to a donor shall be allowed only if a statement is furnished by the donee who shall be required to furnish a statement in respect of donations received and in the event of failure to do so, fee and penalty shall be levied.

(ix) similar to section 80G of the Act, deduction of cash donation under section 80GGA shall be restricted to ₹ 2,000/- only.

These amendments will take effect from 1st June, 2020.

[Clauses 7,9,11,12,17,33,34,61,94,96 & 99]

 

 


Budget 2020-21 + FINANCE BILL, 2020

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Acts Income Tax