Liability for contravention enables stock exchanges to impose fines, suspend trading and freeze promoter holdings under issue and disclosure rules. New regulations add express enforcement powers allowing recognised stock exchanges, in accordance with Board circulars or guidelines, to impose fines, suspend trading, freeze promoter or promoter group holdings in coordination with depositories, and take other specified actions for contraventions by listed entities or other persons; revocation of suspension or freezing follows Board guidance; failure to pay fines permits exchanges to initiate further lawful action after written notice.