Charitable trust registration requires a specified-violation notice; settled cash deposits and related-party payments did not justify cancellation or ...
External development charges trigger TDS under section 194C, while disputed administrative payments require factual verification and fresh adjudicatio...
Section 270AA penalty immunity requires identified statutory defaults and a hearing before rejection; reassessment disclosure may constitute under-rep...
Separate arraignment of a sole proprietary concern is unnecessary for a cheque-dishonour complaint against its proprietor. Statutory vicarious criminal liability applies where the drawer is a juristic entity distinct from the individuals sought to be held responsible for its affairs. A sole proprietorship has no legal existence separate from its proprietor; use of a trade name or maintenance of a bank account in that name does not create a separate legal person. Accordingly, proceedings may continue against the proprietor in that capacity without impleading the proprietary concern separately, while questions concerning the underlying liability and defences remain for trial.
Separate arraignment of a sole proprietary concern is unnecessary for a cheque-dishonour complaint against its proprietor. Statutory vicarious criminal liability applies where the drawer is a juristic entity distinct from the individuals sought to be held responsible for its affairs. A sole proprietorship has no legal existence separate from its proprietor; use of a trade name or maintenance of a bank account in that name does not create a separate legal person. Accordingly, proceedings may continue against the proprietor in that capacity without impleading the proprietary concern separately, while questions concerning the underlying liability and defences remain for trial.
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