Split consignment classification treated complementary motorcycle parts as one imported motorcycle, sustaining valuation, confiscation and importer li...
Timely pronouncement of reserved judgments requires defined timelines, transparency measures, and remedial pathways to protect liberty and effective j...
Settlement-price depression requires proof of manipulation, not merely short exposure, late selling, or below-market orders, preserving disclosure pen...
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Customs-duty liability for pilfered imported goods arises under Section 45(3) only where the goods were unloaded in a customs area and pilfered while in the custody of a person approved under Section 45(1). Approval is a necessary precondition, so liability does not extend to pilferage before the approval became operative. A statutory port authority may be an approved custodian, and its civil responsibilities as bailee do not displace its separate revenue liability. The importer's duty exemption for pilferage operates alongside the custodian's statutory obligation. Pilferage, rather than an unexplained cargo discrepancy or non-pilferage loss, must be established through contemporaneous custody and security records.
Customs-duty liability for pilfered imported goods arises under Section 45(3) only where the goods were unloaded in a customs area and pilfered while in the custody of a person approved under Section 45(1). Approval is a necessary precondition, so liability does not extend to pilferage before the approval became operative. A statutory port authority may be an approved custodian, and its civil responsibilities as bailee do not displace its separate revenue liability. The importer's duty exemption for pilferage operates alongside the custodian's statutory obligation. Pilferage, rather than an unexplained cargo discrepancy or non-pilferage loss, must be established through contemporaneous custody and security records.
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