Capital grants, subsidies and consumer contributions reduce the...

Capital grants, subsidies and consumer contributions reduce the actual cost or written-down value of relevant assets for depreciation. Where not directly attributable to a particular asset, they require allocation among the affected assets at their respective depreciation rates. Book-profit adjustments for such grants, including subsidy grants received in advance, require an identified clause in the Explanation to section 115JB(2); treatment under normal tax provisions alone is insufficient. Borrowing-cost capitalisation depends on direct attribution to qualifying capital projects and cannot rest on an unsupported assumed historical rate or unsubstantiated accounting-method change. Assistance for beneficiary-owned solar systems is revenue in nature, while business-linked staff-loan interest and miscellaneous receipts are business income; residual rental and staff recoveries may be income from other sources.