Independent manufacturing undertaking eligibility preserves Section 80IA/80IB deductions, while machinery kept ready for use qualifies for depreciatio...
Assessing Officer Satisfaction Requirement Bars Penalty for Cash Receipt in Immovable-Property Sale Cases Where Initiation Lacks Recorded Satisfaction...
Self-assessed import entries remain appealable, while bona fide classification disputes without misdeclaration cannot justify confiscation or penaltie...
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Vicarious liability under Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act requires a person's actual role in and responsibility for the company's business when the cheque was dishonoured; a designation asserted in the complaint is insufficient. Uncontroverted Ministry of Corporate Affairs records showing that the impleaded individual was never a director, combined with no pleaded or disclosed role in company affairs, justified quashing the complaint and consequential proceedings against that individual as an abuse of process. For prospective cheque-dishonour complaints against companies, complainants must annex corporate identification details and certified Form DIR-12, unless unavailability despite due diligence is affirmed and the Magistrate records reasons before cognizance.
Vicarious liability under Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act requires a person's actual role in and responsibility for the company's business when the cheque was dishonoured; a designation asserted in the complaint is insufficient. Uncontroverted Ministry of Corporate Affairs records showing that the impleaded individual was never a director, combined with no pleaded or disclosed role in company affairs, justified quashing the complaint and consequential proceedings against that individual as an abuse of process. For prospective cheque-dishonour complaints against companies, complainants must annex corporate identification details and certified Form DIR-12, unless unavailability despite due diligence is affirmed and the Magistrate records reasons before cognizance.
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