Advertisement, marketing and brand-promotion expenditure...

Advertisement, marketing and brand-promotion expenditure incurred by a super authorised mobile-phone distributor is discussed as deductible business expenditure where a lower purchase price reflects a commercial arrangement for independent regional marketing, rather than reimbursement by the brand owner. Third-party confirmation and the absence of evidence that expenditure was fictitious, inflated or unincurred support its business necessity. The notes also address price-drop credits to downstream dealers: brand-owner reimbursement is limited to unsold inventory and its invoice price, while the distributor's unreimbursed margin reversal on sold inventory may constitute a genuine, verifiable commercial loss deductible as business expenditure.