Exchange of information enables tax cooperation and fiscal-evasion prevention while protecting confidential trade secrets and public policy.

Exchange of information obliges competent authorities to provide information necessary for carrying out the Convention and domestic tax laws, and for preventing fiscal evasion; such information must be treated as secret and disclosed only to those concerned with assessment or collection of the taxes. The obligation does not require measures contrary to either State's laws or practice, does not mandate supply of particulars unobtainable under law or normal administration, and does not compel disclosure of trade or professional secrets or information contrary to public policy.

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