Progressive income tax and surcharge framework updated, plus specified TDS rates and detailed rules for computing net agricultural income. Prescribes tiered income tax rates and differentiated slabs for individuals, co operative societies, firms, local authorities and companies, with corresponding surcharge regimes that vary by taxpayer category and income bands and include caps on tax-plus-surcharge increases. Sets detailed TDS rates by payee residency and income type, mirrors surcharge tiers for TDS, and distinguishes special treatment for royalties and technical service fees by agreement vintage and approval. Provides rules for computing net agricultural income by treating specific agricultural receipts under defined heads, applies selected Income tax Act provisions, specifies apportionments for certain crops and set off of historical agricultural losses against specified assessment years, and requires assessment procedure conformity.