Certificate of Origin rules require procedural issuance, verification and documentary compliance for preferential tariff claims. Issuing Authorities designated by the exporting State issue Certificates of Origin after exporter or producer application and pre export verification; authorities examine applications for completeness, conformity with origin rules and supporting documents. Certificates, in English and in specified originals and copies, may be issued electronically or retrospectively in limited circumstances and must be retained and made available for inspection. Importing authorities may request additional shipment documents, conduct retroactive checks or verification visits, suspend preferential treatment pending verification, and deny or recover preferential treatment where origin rules, recordkeeping, cooperation, or truthfulness requirements are not met.